China History Timeline    Popular Symbolism


China History Timeline 

Dates Dynasty
ca. 2000-1500 B.C. Xia
1700-1027 B.C. Shang
1027-771 B.C. Western Zhou
770-221 B.C. Eastern Zhou
770-476 B.C. -- Spring and Autumn period
475-221 B.C. -- Warring States period
221-207 B.C. Qin
206 B.C.-A.D. 9 Western Han
A.D. 9-24 Xin (Wang Mang interregnum)
A.D. 25-220 Eastern Han
A.D. 220-280 Three Kingdoms
220-265 -- Wei
221-263 -- Shu
229-280 -- Wu
A.D. 265-316 Western Jin
A.D. 317-420 Eastern Jin
A.D. 420-588 Southern and Northern Dynasties
420-588 Southern Dynasties
420-478 -- Song
479-501 -- Qi
502-556 -- Liang
557-588 -- Chen
386-588 Northern Dynasties
386-533 -- Northern Wei
534-549 -- Eastern Wei
535-557 -- Western Wei
550-577 -- Northern Qi
557-588 -- Northern Zhou
A.D. 581-617 Sui
A.D. 618-907 Tang
A.D. 907-960 Five Dynasties
907-923 -- Later Liang
923-936 -- Later Tang
936-946 -- Later Jin
947-950 -- Later Han
951-960 -- Later Zhou  
A.D. 907-979 Ten Kingdoms
A.D. 960-1279 Song
960-1127 -- Northern Song
1127-1279 -- Southern Song
A.D. 916-1125 Liao
A.D. 1038-1227 Western Xia
A.D. 1115-1234 Jin
A.D. 1279-1368 Yuan
A.D. 1368-1644 Ming
A.D. 1644-1911 Qing
A.D. 1911-1949 Republic of China (in mainland China)  
A.D. 1949- Republic of China (in Taiwan)
A.D. 1949- People's Republic of China

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Most Popular Asian Symbolism

Beliefs, legends, superstitions are very popular in the decorations to enrich the beauty of Asian furnishings and architecture. The following is a list of many of the symbols with their meanings and ordinary use.

 

BADGER AND MAGPIE Blessing of happiness BAMBOO Emblem of longevity
BAT Emblem of good fortune. An upside-down depiction symbolizes good fortune has arrived. Two bats together means double good fortune. Five bats stand for the five blessings: long life, riches, health, love, and a natural death. BEAR/PANDA A symbol for man
BUTTERFLY With Plum Blossoms symbolizes Long Life and Beauty. With a Cat means wish to live to 70 or 80 years CARP Advantage or Benefit in Business.
CAT Protector of silkworms, and disperses evil spirits CHRYSANTHEMUM Together with plum, peony and lotus symbolizes the four seasons. Emblem of autumn and symbol of joviality. Also a symbol of long life, or duration.
CICADA Immortality, or life after death COCK Protection against bad astral influences. Frightens ghosts away at sunrise by its crowing. Also represents achievement and fame.
CRANE Longevity and superhuman wisdom. Flying cranes into the sky stand for a rise in status. CRICKET Fighting spirit
DEER Riches. The only animal able to find the sacred fungus of immortality. The God of Longevity usually depicted mounted on a stag or standing by his side. DOUBLE-GOURD Heaven and earth. Scrolling double-gourds, bats and the character "shou" mean a wish for long life and many sons.
DOVE Fidelity and longevity DRAGON Male Vigor and Fertility, also the symbol for The Emperor. Decoration of a five-clawed dragon was for imperial use only. Four claws indicates a prince, and three or less an official.
Dragon & Phoenix Man and Wife, also the symbol for Emperor and Empress. DUCK Conjugal fidelity. Duck in reeds means may you do well in your exams.
EAGLE Strength. Eagle on a rock in sea symbolizes a hero. ELEPHANT Strength and astuteness, as well as high moral standards. Riding an elephant symbolizes happiness.
ENDLESS KNOT Long life without setbacks FISH Wealth. A pair of fish stands for marriage, conjugal felicity, fertility and tenacity.
FISHERMAN One of the four basic occupations (the others being the woodcutter, peasant and the scholar.) GOOSE A blissful marriage
HORSE Speed and perseverance LION/FOO DOGS Superhuman strength and as protectors and mounts of holy beings. Emblems of valor and energy. Also known as "Dogs of Foo" or "Foo Dogs". They are often depicted in pairs: The male has a paw on a brocaded ball which represents the jewel of the law, a pearl, or an egg enclosing a cub. The female has a small cub at her feet, which is oftentimes biting the mother's tongue.
LOTUS Purity and perfection, and symbol of summer and fruitfulness. It is one of the Eight Treasures of Buddhism. MONKEY Ward off evil spirits. The monkey is often seen holding a peach, which it stole from the garden of Xi Wang Temple.
OX/WATER BUFFALO Coming of spring ONION Cleverness
PEACH Longevity. Also a symbol for marriage, spring and immortality. It is known as the "fairy fruit" that gave immortality to the Immortals and was the elixir of life to the Daoists. PEACOCK Beauty and dignity. The tail feathers used from the Ming dynasty to show official rank.
PEARL The concrete essence of the moon. Symbol of genius in obscurity, sign of beauty and purity. PEONY King of flowers. A sign of good fortune. Symbol of love, affection, feminine beauty, and spring.
PHEASANT The imperial symbol of authority or an emblem of office PHOENIX The empress and beauty. Only appears in time of peace and prosperity. Ranks second of the four supernatural creatures, the dragon being the first, the unicorn third and the tortoise fourth.
POMEGRANATE Fertility, being full of seeds, and numerous male progeny. PINE TRESS Longevity, Steadfastness, and Self-Discipline.
QUAIL Courage because of its pugnacious character. SHEEP Yang...The Male Principle
SNAKE Cunning, evil and supernatural power. Also emblem of the Woman. THREE-LEGGED TOAD Existed only on the moon, which it swallowed during the eclipse. Symbol of the unattainable.
TIGER Strength, courage, and bravery TORTOISE Longevity and immortality
WILLOW Buddhist symbol of meekness. Also a sign of spring. Believed to have the powers to expel demons YIN/YANG Yin symbolizes the Female Principle while Yang being the Male Principle.

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