China History Timeline Popular Symbolism
China History Timeline
| Dates | Dynasty |
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| ca. 2000-1500 B.C. | Xia |
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| 1700-1027 B.C. | Shang |
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| 1027-771 B.C. | Western Zhou |
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| 770-221 B.C. | Eastern Zhou |
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| 770-476 B.C. -- Spring and Autumn period |
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| 475-221 B.C. -- Warring States period |
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| 221-207 B.C. | Qin |
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| 206 B.C.-A.D. 9 | Western Han |
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| A.D. 9-24 | Xin (Wang Mang interregnum) |
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| A.D. 25-220 | Eastern Han |
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| A.D. 220-280 | Three Kingdoms |
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| 220-265 -- Wei |
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| 221-263 -- Shu |
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| 229-280 -- Wu |
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| A.D. 265-316 | Western Jin |
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| A.D. 317-420 | Eastern Jin |
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| A.D. 420-588 | Southern and Northern Dynasties |
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| 420-588 | Southern Dynasties |
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| 420-478 -- Song |
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| 479-501 -- Qi |
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| 502-556 -- Liang |
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| 557-588 -- Chen |
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| 386-588 | Northern Dynasties |
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| 386-533 -- Northern Wei |
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| 534-549 -- Eastern Wei |
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| 535-557 -- Western Wei |
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| 550-577 -- Northern Qi |
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| 557-588 -- Northern Zhou |
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| A.D. 581-617 | Sui |
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| A.D. 618-907 | Tang |
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| A.D. 907-960 | Five Dynasties |
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| 907-923 -- Later Liang |
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| 923-936 -- Later Tang |
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| 936-946 -- Later Jin |
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| 947-950 -- Later Han |
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| 951-960 -- Later Zhou |
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| A.D. 907-979 | Ten Kingdoms |
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| A.D. 960-1279 | Song |
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| 960-1127 -- Northern Song |
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| 1127-1279 -- Southern Song |
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| A.D. 916-1125 | Liao |
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| A.D. 1038-1227 | Western Xia |
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| A.D. 1115-1234 | Jin |
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| A.D. 1279-1368 | Yuan |
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| A.D. 1368-1644 | Ming |
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| A.D. 1644-1911 | Qing |
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| A.D. 1911-1949 | Republic of China (in mainland China) |
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| A.D. 1949- | Republic of China (in Taiwan) | ||
| A.D. 1949- | People's Republic of China |
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Most Popular Asian Symbolism
Beliefs, legends, superstitions are very popular in the decorations to enrich the beauty of Asian furnishings and architecture. The following is a list of many of the symbols with their meanings and ordinary use.
| BADGER AND MAGPIE | Blessing of happiness | BAMBOO | Emblem of longevity |
| BAT | Emblem of good fortune. An upside-down depiction symbolizes good fortune has arrived. Two bats together means double good fortune. Five bats stand for the five blessings: long life, riches, health, love, and a natural death. | BEAR/PANDA | A symbol for man |
| BUTTERFLY | With Plum Blossoms symbolizes Long Life and Beauty. With a Cat means wish to live to 70 or 80 years | CARP | Advantage or Benefit in Business. |
| CAT | Protector of silkworms, and disperses evil spirits | CHRYSANTHEMUM | Together with plum, peony and lotus symbolizes the four seasons. Emblem of autumn and symbol of joviality. Also a symbol of long life, or duration. |
| CICADA | Immortality, or life after death | COCK | Protection against bad astral influences. Frightens ghosts away at sunrise by its crowing. Also represents achievement and fame. |
| CRANE | Longevity and superhuman wisdom. Flying cranes into the sky stand for a rise in status. | CRICKET | Fighting spirit |
| DEER | Riches. The only animal able to find the sacred fungus of immortality. The God of Longevity usually depicted mounted on a stag or standing by his side. | DOUBLE-GOURD | Heaven and earth. Scrolling double-gourds, bats and the character "shou" mean a wish for long life and many sons. |
| DOVE | Fidelity and longevity | DRAGON | Male Vigor and Fertility, also the symbol for The Emperor. Decoration of a five-clawed dragon was for imperial use only. Four claws indicates a prince, and three or less an official. |
| Dragon & Phoenix | Man and Wife, also the symbol for Emperor and Empress. | DUCK | Conjugal fidelity. Duck in reeds means may you do well in your exams. |
| EAGLE | Strength. Eagle on a rock in sea symbolizes a hero. | ELEPHANT | Strength and astuteness, as well as high moral standards. Riding an elephant symbolizes happiness. |
| ENDLESS KNOT | Long life without setbacks | FISH | Wealth. A pair of fish stands for marriage, conjugal felicity, fertility and tenacity. |
| FISHERMAN | One of the four basic occupations (the others being the woodcutter, peasant and the scholar.) | GOOSE | A blissful marriage |
| HORSE | Speed and perseverance | LION/FOO DOGS | Superhuman strength and as protectors and mounts of holy beings. Emblems of valor and energy. Also known as "Dogs of Foo" or "Foo Dogs". They are often depicted in pairs: The male has a paw on a brocaded ball which represents the jewel of the law, a pearl, or an egg enclosing a cub. The female has a small cub at her feet, which is oftentimes biting the mother's tongue. |
| LOTUS | Purity and perfection, and symbol of summer and fruitfulness. It is one of the Eight Treasures of Buddhism. | MONKEY | Ward off evil spirits. The monkey is often seen holding a peach, which it stole from the garden of Xi Wang Temple. |
| OX/WATER BUFFALO | Coming of spring | ONION | Cleverness |
| PEACH | Longevity. Also a symbol for marriage, spring and immortality. It is known as the "fairy fruit" that gave immortality to the Immortals and was the elixir of life to the Daoists. | PEACOCK | Beauty and dignity. The tail feathers used from the Ming dynasty to show official rank. |
| PEARL | The concrete essence of the moon. Symbol of genius in obscurity, sign of beauty and purity. | PEONY | King of flowers. A sign of good fortune. Symbol of love, affection, feminine beauty, and spring. |
| PHEASANT | The imperial symbol of authority or an emblem of office | PHOENIX | The empress and beauty. Only appears in time of peace and prosperity. Ranks second of the four supernatural creatures, the dragon being the first, the unicorn third and the tortoise fourth. |
| POMEGRANATE | Fertility, being full of seeds, and numerous male progeny. | PINE TRESS | Longevity, Steadfastness, and Self-Discipline. |
| QUAIL | Courage because of its pugnacious character. | SHEEP | Yang...The Male Principle |
| SNAKE | Cunning, evil and supernatural power. Also emblem of the Woman. | THREE-LEGGED TOAD | Existed only on the moon, which it swallowed during the eclipse. Symbol of the unattainable. |
| TIGER | Strength, courage, and bravery | TORTOISE | Longevity and immortality |
| WILLOW | Buddhist symbol of meekness. Also a sign of spring. Believed to have the powers to expel demons | YIN/YANG | Yin symbolizes the Female Principle while Yang being the Male Principle. |